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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-6, 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468456

ABSTRACT

The organization of the roots, ganglia and the peripheral distribution of the cranial nerves of the fully formed embryos of Oreochromis niloticus are examined in the transverse serial sections. These nerves carry fibers, which were also analyzed. The results of this study demonstrated that the glossopharyngeal nerve originates by means of only one root, which leaves the cranium through the glossopharyngeal foramen. This nerve gives fibers (visceromotor) to the first internal and external levator arcus branchialis muscles. There is a single epibranchial (petrosal) ganglion located extracranially. Nervus glossopharyngeus has three rami; pharyngeus, pretramticus and posttrematicus. The ramus pharyngeus carries only viscerosensory fibers; general for the pharyngeal epithelium and special ones for the pseudobranch. General viscerosensory fibers are also carried by rami pretrematicus and posttrematicus for the pharyngeal epithelial lining. The special sensory fibers are carried by the ramus pretrematicus for the taste buds and by ramus posttrematicus for the gill filaments. The ramus pretrematicus also carries visceromotor fibers for the first adductor arcus branchialis and to the first obliquus ventralis muscles.


A organização das raízes, gânglios e a distribuição periférica dos nervos cranianos dos embriões totalmente formados de Oreochromis niloticus são examinados nas seções transversais seriais. Esses nervos carregam fibras, que também foram analisadas. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o nervo glossofaríngeo se origina por meio de apenas uma raiz, que sai do crânio pelo forame glossofaríngeo. Este nervo fornece fibras (visceromotoras) para os primeiros músculos levantadores do arco branquial interno e externo. Existe um único gânglio epibranquial (petroso) localizado extracranialmente. Nervus glossopharyngeus tem três ramos; faríngeo, pretramticus e póstrematicus. O ramo faríngeo contém apenas fibras viscerossensoriais — gerais para o epitélio faríngeo e especiais para o pseudobrânquio. Fibras viscerossensoriais gerais também são transportadas por ramos pretrematicus e posttrematicus para o revestimento epitelial da faringe. As fibras sensoriais especiais são transportadas pelo ramus pretrematicus para as papilas gustativas e pelo ramus posttrematicus para os filamentos branquiais. O ramo pretrematicus também carrega fibras visceromotoras para o primeiro adutor arcus branchialis e para o primeiro músculo oblíquo ventral.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/anatomy & histology , Cichlids/embryology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology
2.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 26(2): 62-71, jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126195

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La anatomía de la base del cráneo es compleja. Numerosas estructuras neurovasculares vitales pasan a través de múltiples canales y agujeros ubicados en la base del cráneo. Con el avance de la tomografía computarizada (TC) y la resonancia magnética (RM), es posible la localización cada vez más precisa de lesiones y la evaluación de su relación con las estructuras neurovasculares adyacentes. El trayecto de los nervios craneales sigue un recorrido conocido y se transmiten a la cara y cuello por los forámenes de base de cráneo. La tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética son complementarias entre sí y, a menudo, se usan juntas para demostrar la extensión total de la enfermedad. La segunda parte de esta revisión se centra en el estudio radiológico de los nervios craneales.


Abstract: The skull base anatomy is complex. Many vital neurovascular structures course through the skull base canals and foramina. With the advancement of CT and MRI, the localization of lesions has become more precise as their relationship with adjacent neurovascular structures. There is a known course of the cranial nerves as well as their skull base exiting foramina to the head and neck. CT and MRI are complimentary modalities and are often used together to map the full extent of disease. The second article in this review focus on the radiologic study of the cranial nerves.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull Base/innervation , Skull Base/diagnostic imaging , Cranial Nerves/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1337-1340, Dec. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975705

ABSTRACT

In various neuroanatomy texts and articles related to this area of knowledge, there is a conceptual vacuum associated with the precise sites where the roots of the cranial nerves emerge. The objective of the study was to establish the exact location of the apparent origin of the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory cranial nerves in the medulla oblongata of the human being 120 human brainstems, previously fixed in formalin solution at 10 % were assessed, the location where such nerve roots emerge was identified by direct examination and once the piamater was removed at both right and left sides as it has been stated in the literature. It was found that in 100 % of the studied brainstems their nerve roots emerge on average at about 2.63 mm behind the retro-olivary groove, different to what has been stated in the literature. Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory human nerves do not emerge directly from the retroolivary groove, as commonly reported; instead, they emerge behind the said groove, specifically in the retro-olivary groove area, where they form a continuous line of nerve roots.


En diversos textos de neuroanatomía y artículos relacionados con esta área del conocimiento, se evidencia un vacío conceptual asociado con los sitios precisos por donde emergen los pares craneales. El objetivo de este estudio fue stablecer la ubicación exacta del origen aparente de los nervios craneales glosofaríngeo, vago y accesorio en el bulbo raquídeo de 120 tallos cerebrales humanos, previamente fijados en solución de formalina al 10 %. Fueron evaluados, el lugar donde surgen tales raíces nerviosas se identificó mediante examen directo y una vez que se retiró la piamadre tanto en el lado derecho como en el izquierdo como se ha dicho en la literatura. Se encontró que en el 100 % de los troncos cerebrales estudiados, sus raíces nerviosas emergen en promedio a unos 2,63 mm detrás del surco retroolivar, diferente a lo que se ha dicho en la literatura. Los nervios humanos glosofaríngeos, vago y accesorio no emergen directamente de la ranura retroolivar, como se informa comúnmente, sino que emergen detrás de dicha ranura, específicamente en el área de surco retroolivar, donde forman una línea continua de raíces nerviosas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Vagus Nerve/anatomy & histology , Brain Stem/anatomy & histology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Accessory Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology
4.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 24(3): 105-111, jul. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978163

ABSTRACT

La anatomía de la base del cráneo es compleja. Numerosas estructuras neurovasculares vitales pasan a través de múltiples canales y formámenes de la base del cráneo. Con el avance de la tomografía computarizada (TC) y la resonancia magnética (RM) es posible la localización cada vez más precisa de lesiones y la evaluación de su relación con las estructuras neurovasculares adyacentes. El trayecto de los nervios craneales sigue un recorrido conocido y se transmiten a la cara y cuello a través de los forámenes de base de cráneo. La TC y la RM son complementarias entre sí y, a menudo, se usan en conjunto para demostrar la extensión completa de la enfermedad. La primera parte de esta revisión se centra en generalidades del estudio radiológico y anatomía de base de cráneo.


The skull base anatomy is complex. Many vital neurovascular structures course through the skull base canals and foramina. With the routine use of CT and MRI, the localization of lesions has become more precise as well as their relationship with adjacent neurovascular structures. There is a known anatomical course of the cranial nerves and their skull base s they course through the foramina towards the head and neck. CT and MRI are complimentary modalities and are often used together to map the full extent of disease. The first part of this review article series focus on the radiologic approach to disease and the skull base anatomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull Base/innervation , Skull Base/diagnostic imaging , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cranial Nerves/diagnostic imaging
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(4): 1273-1276, Dec. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772307

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un análisis histórico sobre las ideas, creencias y conceptos que se tenían de los nervios craneales en distintas épocas desde Galeno en el siglo II, haciendo comparaciones de los distintos aportes y nombres dados a estas estructuras nerviosas. Se comprueba que con el desarrollo y avance de las distintas ideas y demostraciones experimentales, se ha llegado a una comprensión más clara y precisa de las características neuroanatómicas y funcionales de estos elementos del sistema nervioso, además del número total de nervios craneales que realmente existen, a través de los cuales se propagan los impulsos nerviosos desde y hacia el sistema nervioso central.


A historical analysis of ideas about beliefs and concepts that people had about cranial nerve at different times from Galen in the second century was realized, making comparisons between the different contributions and names given to these neural structures. We found that with the development and progression of different ideas and experimental demonstrations, a more clear and precise understanding of the neuroanatomical and functional elements of the nervous system was accomplished , in addition to the total number of cranial nerves that actually exist, which propagate nerve impulses to and from the central nervous system.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, Ancient , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Neuroanatomy/history , Neurosciences/history
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(4): 1152-1155, Dec. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734651

ABSTRACT

El grupo de los Torpediniformes representa una de las líneas ancestrales de los batoideos cuya ruta evolutiva ha seguido una línea separada del resto de este grupo. No se han realizado estudios sobre la morfología del encéfalo de Diplobatis ommata, es por ello que el objetivo de este estudio fue describir la anatomía del encéfalo y pares craneales de esta especie. Los organismos fueron colectados en Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, México. El encéfalo se obtuvo por medio de la técnica de disección convencional. El encéfalo de Diplobatis ommata es similar al de los tiburones basales, sin embargo, presenta una vesícula eléctrica, característica de Torpediniformes. Las estructuras más grandes del encéfalo son los bulbos olfatorios y la médula oblongada. El telencéfalo es reducido y el cerebelo presenta simetría bilateral y es prácticamente liso. La disposición de los pares craneales es similar a la que presentan otros grupos de batoideos, sin embargo, la inervación de los pares craneales VII, IX y X se modifica, ya que además de inervar a las regiones descritas convencionalmente, inervan también a los órganos eléctricos.


The Torpediniformes group is one of the ancestral batoid lines, the evolution of which has followed a line separated from the rest of this group. No studies have been conducted on the brain morphology of Diplobatis ommata. This is why the objective of this work is describing the anatomy of the brain and the cranial nerves of this species. Organisms were collected in Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, Mexico. The brain was obtained through conventional dissection techniques. The brain of Diplobatis ommata is similar to that of basal sharks; however, it has the electric vesicle typical in Torpediniformes. The largest encephalic structures are the olfactory bulbs and medulla oblongata. The telencephalon is reduced, while the cerebellum has bilateral symmetry and is almost smooth. Disposition of cranial nerves are similar to other batoid groups; but innervation of pairs VII, IX and X is modified: they innervate regions conventionally described, but also electric organs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Skates, Fish/anatomy & histology , Brain/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology
7.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 27(1): 3-5, Jan-Mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644120

ABSTRACT

The jugular foramen (JF) lies between the occipital bone and the petrosal portion of the temporal bone, andit allows for the passage of important nervous and vascular elements, such as the glossopharyngeal vagusand accessory nerves, and the internal jugular vein. Glomic tumors, schwannomas, metastatic lesions andinfiltrating inflammatory processes are associated with this foramen, which can account for injuries of relatedstructures. Variatons of the JF were already reported regarding shape, size and laterality in one only skull,besides differences related to sex, race and laterality domain, which makes the study of these parameters in thepopulation of southern Brazil significant. Objective: this paper wants to conduct the morphometric analysisof the JF of 111 dry skulls belonging to males and females. Results: the latero-medial the anteroposteriormeasurements showed significant differences when genera were compared and side was compared, respectively.Of the total amount of the investigated skulls, 0.9% showed a complete septum on both sides; 0.9% showedincomplete septum, and 83.8% lacked the septum. The presence of a domed bony roof was noticed in 68.5%of skulls on both sides. Conclusion: the obtained results presented variations regarding some parameterswhen compared to previous studies, thus making it evident the significance of race in the morphometricmeasurements and characteristics of the JF, besides the relevance of studying the kind of impairment whichcan jeopardize important functions, as the cardiac innervation of the vagus nerve.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull Base/anatomy & histology , Functional Laterality , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Skull , Osteology , Temporal Bone/anatomy & histology , Population , Sex , Vagus Nerve
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(3): 777-782, Sept. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577185

ABSTRACT

Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen. Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of the infraorbital foramen will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillo-facial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of the infraorbital foramen with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in an adult Sri Lankan population. A total of one hundred and eight adult dry skulls were assessed to determine the number, shape, orientation, vertical and transverse diameters of the infraorbital foramen, transverse distance from the infraorbital foramen to the maxillary midline and the zygomatico-maxillary suture and the vertical distance from the infraorbital foramen to the infraorbital rim and supraorbital foramen. The position of the infraorbital foramen was determined in relation to the maxillary teeth and the supraorbital foramen.The findings indicated that the size of the infraorbital foramen and the mean distances from the infraorbital foramen to the maxillary midline, infraorbital rim and supraorbital foramen was significantly larger in males than in females. The modal position for the infraorbital foramen was in line with the long axis of the second upper premolar and the supraorbital and infraorbital foramina were lying in the same sagittal plane only in 24.07 percent of the skulls. The results highlight the racial and gender differences of the infra orbital foramen and emphasize the need for meticulous preoperative evaluation of the infraorbital foramen in patients who are candidates for maxillo-facial surgeries and regional block anesthesia.


En la posición del foramen infraorbitario se evidencia una clara influencia racial. Por tanto, un conocimiento detallado de los datos específicos de la población sobre las características biométricas del foramen infraorbitario facilitará la terapéutica, diagnóstico y manipulaciones quirúrgicas en la región maxilo-facial. El objetivo de este estudio fue, dilucidar las características morfológicas y anatómicas de la posición exacta del foramen infraorbitario, en una población adulta de Sri Lanka, con referencia a los forámenes que los rodean. Un total de 108 cráneos adultos secos fueron evaluados para determinar el número, forma, orientación, diámetros vertical y transversal del foramen infraorbitario, distancia transversal desde el foramen infraorbitario a la línea mediana del maxilar y la sutura cigomático-maxilar y la distancia vertical desde el foramen infraorbitario hasta el margen infraorbitario y al foramen supraorbitario. La posición del foramen infraorbitario se determinó en relación con los dientes superiores y al foramen supraorbital. Los resultados indicaron que el tamaño del foramen infraorbitario y las distancias medias desde éste a la línea mediana superior, reborde infraorbitario y al foramen supraorbitario fue significativamente mayor en varones que en mujeres. La posición modal para el foramen infraorbitario estuvo en línea con el eje longitudinal del segundo premolar superior, localizándose los forámenes supraorbitario e infraorbitario en el mismo plano sagital sólo en el 24,07 por ciento de los cráneos. Los resultados destacan las diferencias raciales y de género del foramen infraorbitario y enfatizan la necesidad de una evaluación preoperatoria meticulosa de este foramen en los pacientes que son candidatos a cirugías maxilofaciales en el bloqueo anestésico regional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cephalometry , Skull/anatomy & histology , Maxillary Nerve/anatomy & histology , Orbit/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Sri Lanka
9.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(1): 41-48, ene.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583136

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo revisa la perspectiva histórica en la descripción de los 12 nervios craneanos hecha por los anatomistas clásicos, utilizando textos tradicionales y traducciones modernas. La historia de la enumeración de los nervios se remonta a Galeno con su clasificación en 7 pares, pasando por los 9 pares de Willis (1664) y los 12 pares de Soemmerring (1778). Hubo contribuciones de anatomistas medievales como Achillini, Berengario de Carpi y Massa, a pesar de las prohibiciones que pesaron sobre los estudios anatómicos hasta el siglo XVI. La clasificación de los nervios craneanos en 9 pares se siguió utilizando hasta fines del siglo XIX, a pesar de que ya había sido aceptada su clasificación en 12 pares hacia 1778. Se recuerda también a aquellos autores que describieron estructuras individuales y las nombraron por primera vez.


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerves , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology
10.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 17(2): 46-48, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531279

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de tolosa-Hunt es una oftalmoplejia dolorosa, recurrente provocada por una inflamación granulomatosa inespecífica que afecta al seno cavernoso, la hendidura esfenoidal y el apex orbitario. Se caracteriza por dolor retrocular agudo recurrente con parálisis extraocular, que generalmente afecta los nervios craneanos tercero, cuarto, quinto y sexto. Se le atribuye a una infiltración granulomatosa del apex orbitrario o en el seno cavernoso, que responde a la corticoideoterapia. Nuestro paciente consulta por enfermedad de 3 meses de evolución presenta de forma súbita cefalea de fuerte intensidad; y pulsátil acompañado de dolor de fuerte intensidad en globo ocular derecho de carácter pulsátil y progresivamente ptosis palpebral derecha. Se le instaura tratamiento con corticoides, AINES y antiglaucomatosos con poca mejoría sin recuperar amaurosis del ojo derecho. Se obtienen estudios por TAC y RNM de órbita donde se evidencia engrosamiento a nivel del seno cavernoso. Evaluado por equipo multidisciplinario de oftalmología, neurocirugía, Medicina Interna, Imagenología. Considerando que existe un predominio por el seno cavernoso. No se disponen de estudios de prevalencia o incidencia. Se ubica el síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt como la tercera causa de síndrome del seno cavernoso, superado por el trauma y los tumores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Blepharoptosis/diagnosis , Headache/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Pain/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Granuloma, Plasma Cell/pathology , Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus/physiopathology , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/pathology , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Blindness/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology , Inflammation/etiology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Ophthalmology , Eye Diseases/pathology
11.
Braz. oral res ; 22(2): 101-105, 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485947

ABSTRACT

Having broad knowledge of anatomy is essential for practicing dentistry. Certain anatomical structures call for detailed studies due to their anatomical and functional importance. Nevertheless, some structures are difficult to visualize and identify due to their small volume and complicated access. Such is the case of the parasympathetic ganglia located in the cranial part of the autonomic nervous system, which include: the ciliary ganglion (located deeply in the orbit, laterally to the optic nerve), the pterygopalatine ganglion (located in the pterygopalatine fossa), the submandibular ganglion (located laterally to the hyoglossus muscle, below the lingual nerve), and the otic ganglion (located medially to the mandibular nerve, right beneath the oval foramen). The aim of this study was to present these structures in dissected anatomic specimens and perform a comparative analysis regarding location and morphology. The proximity of the ganglia and associated nerves were also analyzed, as well as the number and volume of fibers connected to them. Human heads were dissected by planes, partially removing the adjacent structures to the point we could reach the parasympathetic ganglia. With this study, we concluded that there was no significant variation regarding the location of the studied ganglia. Morphologically, our observations concur with previous classical descriptions of the parasympathetic ganglia, but we observed variations regarding the proximity of the otic ganglion to the mandibular nerve. We also observed that there were variations regarding the number and volume of fiber bundles connected to the submandibular, otic, and pterygopalatine ganglia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Ganglia, Parasympathetic/anatomy & histology , Nerve Fibers/physiology , Ganglia, Parasympathetic/physiology , Mandible/innervation , Mandibular Nerve/anatomy & histology , Optic Nerve/anatomy & histology
12.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 44(4): 283-289, 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-510488

ABSTRACT

Para a realização do estudo referente ao plexo braquial (PB) e territórios nervosos do membro torácico de chinchila (Chinchilla lanigera) foram utilizados 10 animais de sete a 11 meses de idade. Tendo a pele sido retirada, procedeu-se a identificação da musculatura do membro torácico, região peitoral e parede torácica e abdominal. Subseqüentemente, foram aplicadas compressas de solução de ácido acético glacial 3% nas referidas regiões, com o intuito de melhorar a visualização dos nervos. Nos animais analisados notou-se a emergência do PB a partir do sexto nervo cervical até o primeiro torácico. Destas quatro raízes se formam os troncos dos nervos cujos ramos ventrais constituirão seu arranjo e distribuição territorial. Destes quatro troncos surgem os 12 nervos que constituem o PB, estes podem ser formados por apenas um segmento medular: unissegmentar (supraescapular, peitoral cranial e toracodorsal) ou por mais de dois segmentos: plurissegmentar (subescapular, axilar, músculo-cutâneo, torácico lateral, peitoral caudal, torácico longo, mediano, ulnar e radial). Com isso se observou constância na origem, inervação da musculatura, articulações e ossos do membro torácico, podendo-se afirmar a existência de um padrão claramente definido na delimitação dos territórios nervosos.


For the study concerning the Brachial Plexus (BP) and nervous territories of chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) 10 animals were used. After the removal of the skin, the indetification of the thoracic limb, pectoral area and thoracic and abdominal walls was made. Then, compresses of glacial acetic acid at 3% were applied to these areas, in order to improve the observation of the nerves. In the studied animals, the emergence of the BP was observed to be from the sixth cervical nerve to the first thoracic nerve. These four roots make the trunks of the nerves whose ventral branches constitute their arrange and territorial distribution. From these four trunks arise the 12 nerves that constitute the BP. These nerves may be formed by a single medullary segment - monosegmentar (suprascapular, cranial pectoral, thoracodorsal), or by two ou more segments, plurisegmentar (subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, lateral thoracic, caudal pectoral, long thoracic, median, ulnar and radial). Therefore, constancy in origin, muscle, joint and bone innervation was observed, and can confirm the existence of a clearly defined pattern of the delimitation of nervous territories.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chinchilla , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Thoracic Nerves/anatomy & histology , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology
13.
Neuroeje ; 14(1): 13-4, abr. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-279864

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Moebius consiste en una diplegia facial congénita por aplasia o destrucción de los núcleos de los nervios craneales (a menudo asociado a oftalmología u otras malformaciones). La mayoría de nuestros once pacientes estudiados mostró alteraciones en el reflejo de Parpadeo pero sin correlación con la edad, las variantes esporádicas o familiares, o con el compromiso de III y/o VI nervios craneales o del Sistema Nervioso Central. Palabras Clave: Reflejo de Parpadeo, Síndrome de moebius


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Infant , Blinking , Cranial Nerves/abnormalities , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Costa Rica
14.
Acta odontol. venez ; 37(2): 98-103, mayo-ago. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288464

ABSTRACT

El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en presentar al lector una descripción de las técnicas de examen neurológico de los pares creneales que están en relación con el ejercicio de la odontología, como lo son el nervio oftálmico, trigémino, facial, glosofaríngeo, neumogástrico espinal e hipogloso


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/physiology , Facial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Facial Nerve/physiology , Diagnosis, Oral/standards , Hypoglossal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Hypoglossal Nerve/physiology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/physiology , Trigeminal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Neurologic Examination , Olfactory Nerve/anatomy & histology , Olfactory Nerve/physiology
15.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 35(2): 125-8, mar.-abr. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-226787

ABSTRACT

La neurofibromatosis tipo 2 (NF2) es un raro desorder autosómico dominante caracterizado por la presencia de neurinomas acústicos bilaterales (schwanomas vestibulares). Se revisan los hallazgos otoneurológicos en un paciente masculino de 48 años de edad que acudió por hipoacusia bilateral de más de ocho años de evolución. El paciente fue sometido a resección completa de la tumoración derecha ante la falta de audición, mejorando de esta manera las alteraciones secundarias debidas a los efectos compresivos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromosome Aberrations , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/surgery , Cranial Nerves/pathology , Deafness , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/physiopathology , Neuroma, Acoustic/diagnosis , Neuroma, Acoustic/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 15(2): 76-80, jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-186287

ABSTRACT

O seio cavernoso é uma estrutura par situada na base do crânio, na regiao parasselar. Devido ao seu conteúdo neurovascular complexo, este seio dural era tido como uma regiao inoperável. Em 1965, Parkinson descreveu uma abordagem cirúrgica à regiao, o que levou ao interesse na anatomia da regiao parasselar. No presente trabalho, realizou-se dissecçao de 20 seios cavernosos de cadáveres adultos formolizados, com o auxílio de microscópio cirúrgico e injeçao arterial de látex vermelho. Realizou-se a descriçao anatômica e mensuraçoes diametrais das estruturas neurovasculares intracavernosas, com posterior análise pelo programa EPI-INFO de computador. Observou-se uma duplicaçao do nervo abducente em um espécime. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho foram compatíveis com os de outros autores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology , Carotid Artery, Internal/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology
17.
Rev. méd. Hosp. Säo Vicente de Paulo ; 7(17): 15-8, jul.-dez. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-191316

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o trajeto de nervos cranianos, desde origem até curso anatômico por orifícios ósseos correspondentes; demonstrou-se as características anatômicas dos nervos nas relaçöes intra e extra-cranianas, através de cuidadosa dissecçäo, incluindo o percurso ósseo em base craniana. Objetivou-se, também, obtençäo de material didático para o Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências BIológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS


Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Neuroanatomy
19.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 27(3): 109-13, maio-jun. 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-176647

ABSTRACT

Os autores nesse estudo recordam os achados clínicos e patológicos nas síndromes bulbo-protuberanciais. Apontam para a importância da correlação clínica e patológica das diferentes associações no acometimento protuberancial dos nervos cranianos


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Stem/anatomy & histology , Brain Stem/injuries , Brain Stem/pathology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/injuries , Cranial Nerves/pathology
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 49(1): 66-72, mar. 1991. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-94989

ABSTRACT

A fim de oferecer substrato anatômico que contribua para a interpretaçäo clínica da cefaléia de origem cervical, estudo macro-mesoscópico do nervo occipital maior e da sua regiäo de emergência subcutânea foi realizado. Observamos que, ao longo de sua estratigrafia, esse nervo descreve ângulos e mudanças de direçäo, que podem representar pontos críticos na etiologia da cor occipital; na regiäo de sua emergência subcutânea forma, com a artéria e a veia occipital,f eixe váculo-nervoso envolvido por bainha de tecido conjuntivo fibroso, a qual mantém relaçöes de continuidade e contigüidade com epimísio e permísio adjacentes. A partir dos resultados encontrados, fazemos consideraçöes anátomo-clínicas


Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/pathology , Headache/etiology , Headache/pathology
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